Should Euthanasia Be Legalized - 1536 Words

Legalizing Murder â€Å"Euthanasia, also [known as] mercy killing, [is the] practice of ending another’s life with the aim of enabling the person to avoid severe suffering, typically from a terminal illness† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). Furthermore, a study conducted in Washington State revealed that most of the participants who requested euthanasia had the diagnosis of cancer, neurological disease, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Back et al. 919). This study also uncovered that â€Å"the patient concerns most often perceived by physicians were worries about loss of control, being a burden, being dependent on others for personal care, and loss of dignity† (Back et al. 919). Although some argue that euthanasia is the best way to die for terminally-ill†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In accord with Christian and other religious traditions, Western laws have generally considered the act of helping someone die a form of, [sic] or near equivalent of, [sic] homicide, and thus subject to legal sanctions† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). â€Å"Even a passive withholding of help to prevent death has often been severely punished† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). Although euthanasia is a very general term, it comes in a multitudinous variety of types. One of the many types of euthanasia is known as active euthanasia. â€Å"In active euthanasia a person directly and deliberately causes the patient s death† (â€Å"Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide†). â€Å"Active euthanasia is when death is brought about by an act,† such as â€Å"when a person is killed by being given an overdose of pain-killers† (â€Å"Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide†). Another one of the plethora of types is called passive euthanasia. When a patient is allowed to die, and the physician does not take the patient’s life directly, then it is known as passive euthanasia (â€Å"Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suic ide†). Furthermore, â€Å"passive euthanasia is when death is brought about by an omission,† which can be done by either â€Å"withdrawing or withholding treatment† (â€Å"Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide†). A third one of the innumerable types of euthanasia is called voluntary euthanasia. â€Å"Voluntary euthanasia occurs at the request of the

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal - 1188 Words

David Henry Ms. Moraites/Ms. Powell ELA 10 15 April 2015 Same-Sex Marriage In today’s world the idea of same-sex marriage for same-sex couples has been largely denied by many states. A same-sex couple is when two individuals of the same sex either man or woman are involved in a relationship. However they are unable to make it official since marriage is one of many rights and opportunities denied to them in society. This topic is controversial because homosexuals are seen almost everywhere with prejudice eyes and discrimination in toll because they are physically/emotionally involved with someone of the same gender. Same-sex couples should be granted the same rights and opportunities as heterosexual couples in society. A common argument is†¦show more content†¦For example, a conservative republican may follow the rules of the bible. In the bible it highlights the importance of man/woman relations, and any physical relationship that cannot result in reproduction is considered unnatural. In addition, this isn’t just anchored to one city, state, or country but is a global occurrence. The overwhelming support from all of the world against the idea of same-sex unions has resulted in the denial of rights to homosexuals and the discrimination that comes with the denial of those rights. This tradition of heterosexual marriage that has been held for many centuries between a man and woman, and with the homosexual community trying to change this, its changing a way of life that has aided in the reproduction of most species. Some who are against same-sex marriage feel like homosexuality is anti-god and the breeding ground for an unholy way of life. On the other hand, someone with an opposing view would argue that even though this tradition is considered sacred, time, environment, and society changes things around us. An argument could state â€Å"isn’t god as a being said to love all, so why fight against the rights of homosexuals just because their way of life differs from those who are heterosexual. Also, why have their right to marriage denied because they happen to live a different lifestyle. It is said all men are created equal. We as a society are not reinforcing that belief when we discriminate against

Psychoanalytic Social Theory of Karen Horney Free Essays

Karen Horney made innovative contributions to the domain of Psychology. Karen is best known of her theory describing effects on the individual’s personality from his or her culture in a society particularly the childhood experience. Although people can become neurotic at any stage in life, most neurosis begins in childhood experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychoanalytic Social Theory of Karen Horney or any similar topic only for you Order Now Genuine love and healthy discipline is essential to build feelings of Safety and Satisfaction also the Love and Belonging that must be provided by the parents. If these needs were not given, the child develops basic hostility towards the parents and when repressed it will lead to basic anxiety wherein a child feels helplessness and isolation in a cruel world. According to Karen Basic Anxiety and Basic Hostility are combined in an endless circle, because it may start any of those two. Through that it will direct to Neurosis. Yes basic anxiety can lead to neurosis, but not necessarily. According to Karen Horney, there are normal defenses against anxiety; these are the Spontaneous Movement toward people, against people and away from people. In here, I think even how awful a child experience is they still engage to some activities that in a way they can express themselves and draw out their painful backgrounds to a delightful way. Besides we can view legendary people who brought success not just in a certain country but in the world despite from the traumatic experiences of his or her childhood. Aside from that there are also Neurotic defenses against anxiety, the Compulsive Movement toward people, against people, and away from people. For me, we can not really blame those people who had terrible experiences. It is on their way on how they are going to deal with it. Yes, encountering such is really hard to forget especially if it deals among parents. It is like, how are they going to trust other people well in fact from the very beginning their own parents neglect them. I agree to Karen Horney’s theory even though it has no enough written documents but as we can see it is happening in the society. How to cite Psychoanalytic Social Theory of Karen Horney, Papers

Business Commerce Development of Organization

Question: Describe about the Business Commerce for Development of Organization. Answer: 1: The success and the development of the organization depend upon the training and are fruitful to the employer as well as employees. The training of employees would help in making the employees productive and efficient and they would deliver quality performance and the wastage of time, resources and money would reduce. Training helps in providing job satisfaction and job security to employees. It will make the employees well acquainted with the tasks and will need less supervision and thus cutting down the organizations expenditure. Under simulation, the employees are asked to perform the job that they would encounter while being on the job. Say, the sales people in an organization might role play the situations of sales to simulate interacting with the customers. 2: 2a: Involvement of the end users in the organizational change is very important and there can be various factors responsible for the resistance of the end users. This can be lack of support from management; lack of involvement in the process of implementation, technical quality of the new warfare system might be poor which leads to innate resistance. Due to the poor interaction between the users of the system and designers, the end users resist to adapt to the new system. The new system might not have clear benefits and the training facilities might be inadequate. 2b: The training program should engage the employees effectively and the organization should seek the feedback from the employees. Therefore, the training should have two way communications as this would enhance the employees participation. The changes should be communicated effectively in the training program. The training program should be so designed to overcome the opposition and explaining the employees about the need for the change should be done in the training program. 3: Ergonomics helps in assuring the legitimacy of the overall process of the electronic voting system. It has a important role to play in producing the electoral usability and electoral users experience. This ergonomics would help in accommodating all the voters on the day of election. The HCL provides the guidance about the usability of designing of the privacy mechanism in the electronic voting system. It considers the privacy more fully and the designs apply to the security. The reviews and the study by the experts oh HCI would help in designing the electronic voting system[1]. 4: The questions developed are as follows: What is the need of evaluation? The need of evaluation is that the designers become too entranced and this may include the likings and the fallacy concerning sunk cost. How to test? The test is carried out such as usability test and acceptance test. The usability testing includes the remote usability testing which is done via web, discount usability testing and competitive usability testing. Acceptable test is done by setting the performance goals such as measurement and objectivity. What is the budget for testing? The testing would include the budget so that all the cost in carrying out the evaluation is sufficed. What is the timing of testing and mode of carrying test? The test is carried out either using the websites or the traffic control system. The timing of test would be that is carried out at regular interval. Is the test required? Yes, the test is required and it may about the matter concerning the government, military and safety issues. The test is the usability and it is highly diverse and it is carried out in the portable labs and field test What is an expert? The review from the experts can be conducted during the process of designing and rather that improving the specific things and focus on being comprehensive. What gets logged? Logging is important and sometimes tedious and there is need to focus on user interface and it is done using new approaches and the software that would help in logging are Morae, Live logger and Spectator. What is need for logging? There is continuous logging and the system gets logged for evaluating the performance speed and keeping the track record of errors, web analytics and tracking the features which have been used in the product. What are privacy ways? The privacy of the various software is done by making use of the software installed in the product. Privacy is an important factor for the user interface. What about companies? The companies selected for the purpose of preparing the interface questionnaire is the software companies and the companys manufacturing and producing the video games. What is the analysis basis? The basis of evaluation is that the software used is user friendly or not What is the technique and basis of evaluation? The evaluation is done after the product is released and the evaluation basis is case study, interview with users on individual basis and group discussion. The results deducted from the above questionnaire is that the user interface needs to be tested and evaluated on various basis. 5: The various issues faced are regarding the lack of willingness to share the informations. The hospitals are reluctant in sharing the information about the propriety and funding system and do not show the positive attitude toward sharing the critical information and they fear about the criticism. There is the issue regarding the allocation of funds and the availability of the funds. The standard concerning this is difficult to follow because there is lack of national approach and does not have clear planning and the framework of governance. The centre should ensure that there is the availability of sustainable funds and the government should reallocate the budgets. The government should provide the guidance to the medical centers regarding the standards, policies, framework and the system of development and the implementation. There should be laws governing the protection of privacy of these migrating data and the records of the medical centers. Professionals would be educated with the codes and the designs required for the privacy purpose. 6: The push and pull delivery model is the approach used for exchanging the data between the distinct entities. The pull model is based on response paradigm and conversely push model is based on the distribute or publish paradigm. The function of pull model is similar to the client pulling off the data from the server. Under the pull model, the transferring of the data is initiated by the client. On the other hand, under the push model, the data is individually transferred by the agent to the client either asynchronously or on a regular basis via a scheduler. The example of push model is the network monitoring. 7: The threats to the information security are due to the vulnerability which is associated with the platform of internet itself and there might be problems with the clients computer. The automated buying of vote is another threat which would lead to comprising of election. The system of voting may be attacked by the insiders and electronic the voting system might be attacked with the specific virus which leads to loss of privacy, disenfranchisement and vote theft. Another threat to voting system is spoofing. Overcoming the threats: The public and individual PCs needs to be protected and the compliance have to be assured. There needs to be adequate documentation and audit should be carried out independently and there is the control over the physical assets. The threat of spoofing can be overcome by using the encrypted personal identification number. 8: Non repudiation can hardly be achieved in the paper based communications. Non repudiation is for the authentication and the requirement is stronger. The authentication comes from convincing the other parties and there is a need of proving to the third party. The transaction has a need for non repudiation of the service. Repudiation is one of the issues in the paper based communication and the transactions and services is the key role in the non repudiation services. Non repudiation is a parameter which modifies the different requirements and the policy of non behavior depends upon the legal and technical supports. 9: The change management is crucial for the organizations to remain competitive. The company is forced to respond in view of changing technology and globalization of markets. The organizations after adapting the change are able to increase the engagement and the performance of the employees. The cost of operation of the company would be reduced in lights of the implemented change. Change management would also minimize the resistance and enhance the innovation[2]. The change management can be done through restructuring the organization. For example, the British airways have restructured the entire organization due to the inefficiency and the wastage of the resources. For the company to embrace the change, the company had to be restructured. 10: The VCF was developed without the inadequate assessment of the various alternatives and it did not conform to the architectural standards. This was done in the way that there was no incorporation of the significant commercial off the shelf softwares. The requirement of the system was not consistent and did not map to the needs of the users. The system of architecture, operations and the documentation was not incomplete that lead to the failure of the VCF. The designing of the documentation and the requirement were imprecise and not complete and there was gap in the tracing of designs and it was difficult to maintain the softwares. 11: The post implementation review is important and essential component of the project and it identifies the opportunities for further improvement and provides for the checking of the benefits. The PIR gives the surety about the investment done in any project. The achievement, deliverables and the success of the project is determined by the post implementation review. The PIR should be undertaken some time after the solution has been deployed. Depending upon the type of environment and solutions, the period ranges from six weeks to six months. The PIR need to be drafted in consultation with the portfolio regulatory reform and the area of the PIR can be improved in accordance with the regulation practices. 12: The Queensland treasury was not the professional managers and was not experienced system implementers and it was not standardized system which was headed by the prime contractor. There was absence of the internal requirement and the contract schedule did not document properly the requirement if the government and the government did not communicate properly its requirement. The failure was also attributable to the delay that it suffered during the roll out of the SAP based system. The government did not detail the specifications accurately. The delay in establishing the mutually agreed baseline impacted the aspect of the project that impacted the phase of testing and implementation. Reference: Burton, Craig, Chris Culnane, and Steve Schneider. "vVote: Verifiable Electronic Voting in Practice."IEEE Security Privacy14, no. 4 (2016): 64-73. Hayes, John.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

History 7a Mid- Term free essay sample

The Era of Exploration witnessed the rapid political, economic, and social intrusion of Europe into the New World. Between the 15th and 17th Centuries several countries influenced the developement of the Americas. Select the most successful and infleuntial colony and compare it with another European Colonial structure. Be sure to include historical themes in your written argument. 3.The key to the colonial, structure of the United States in firmly established in 17th Century England. In reality, the foudation of the United States is a reflection of this country. Trace the economic/political/cultural influences of Britain on our colonial structure. In your a nswer include important individuals, governmental structures, events, social policies and historical themes. 4. Analzye and contrast the historical development of the Southern Colonies 1603- 1783.In your answer, include historical themes, reasons for colonial impementation, regional development, economic structure, religious importance or lack of it, the instittution of Slavery and the ramifications of these colnies on the development of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on History 7a Mid- Term or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. New England is the mother culture of Modern United States. Analyze thsis statement by describing the Colonial Foudation of, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire 1620-1783.How have their histories infleunced the development of contemporary United States? How have these areas impacted our societys

Important Tips For Personal Statements

Important Tips For Personal Statements As someone who has written many personal statements for college applications, I know firsthand how mind-numbing and frustrating the process can be. That is why I would like to take this opportunity offer some suggestions and writing tips for personal statements. Hopefully after reading the following paragraphs, the idea of writing a personal statement for your college of choice wont seem so intimidating. In my opinion, the most important tip for writing personal statements is to give yourself plenty of time. Allowing several weeks or even months in which to write your essay means that you can afford to take your time and compose an excellent composition. The worst thing you can do is wait until the last minute to write your personal statement. Doing so will almost guarantee frustration, disappointment, and a mediocre final product. Another excellent tip that I advise when writing your personal statement is to create many drafts. As each draft of your personal statement is most likely an improvement on the last, it cant hurt to write as many drafts as possible until you are absolutely satisfied with your paper. Then, after you feel you cannot make any more corrections, send your personal statement to a professional editor for final polishing. Although the above tips might seem elementary, committing to them will drastically improve the overall quality of your paper. If you would like some more tips for personal statements or if you would like additional information on college admissions essays, please dont hesitate to access the link provided. This link will direct you to an excellent online resource for admissions essays.

Property Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Property Law Assignment - Essay Example the existence of a resulting trust in situations where the plaintiff has clearly made a contribution towards the purchase price of the property, despite the fact that they have not been entered onto the property register. This equitable presumption is based on the notion that the person contributing towards the property must have expected to acquire an interest in that property, in proportion to the money expended2. Lord Diplock in Gissing v Gissing3 made the point that A resulting, implied or constructive trust†¦is created by a transaction between the trustee and the cestui que trust in connection with the acquisition by the trustee of a legal estate in land, whenever the trustee has so conducted himself that it would be inequitable to allow him to deny the cestui que trust a beneficial interest in the land acquired. It should be noted that in this particular case Alice did not contribute to the purchase price of the property, even though she did spend her inheritance on improvements within the property. As there was no direct contribution towards the purchase price Alice would have to rely on the principle of constructive trusts to assert her claim. Under the law of constructive trusts the applicant must prove that they expected to acquire an interest in the property, either by their actions or by money paid towards the maintenance or improvement of the property. Cases that have succeeded are those were the applicant has paid towards household bills or has spent their own money on repairs within the property5. in determining whether a constructive trust can be averred the court will often take into account the conduct of the parties. The court will look for evidence to support an assertion that the applicant has acted in their detriment in reliance of an expectation of having a beneficial interest in the property. The court determined this to be the case in Lloyd’s Bank Plc v Rosset6, in which the court found that work carried out by the applicant on the

Managing Through People Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Through People - Assignment Example ions, including, eg, career development, training, organization development, etc.†1 Human resource Management (HRM) is the management activity of the employees of an organization where as the Human Resource Development (HRD) is a more general term in which apart from the management function the developments of the organization and the employees (internal and external) through different types of training activities are also the functions of an HRD department. The globalized current business environment has made the task complicated for the HR department. Most of the companies are now establishing their manufacturing units in overseas countries in order to exploit the overseas markets. Some employees need to be sent to the overseas countries in order to set up the business there. The HR managers need to train such employees in accordance with the needs of the target country. The difference in culture, language, environment all must be addressed by the HR managers while formulating the training procedures. Microsoft is believed to be one of the biggest software companies in the world. In fact it controls the majority of the world’s software market with their monopoly. Even other companies like Intel were forced to make microprocessor chips suitable for the Microsoft’s Windows operating system because of their monopoly. Microsoft did this by creating a series of operating systems (DOS, then Windows), and by defining the kind of machine that could run their OSs.† (Why is Microsoft a Monopoly?) Microsoft is lead by its founder Bill Gates. It is actually the great leader ship Bill Gates, shaped Microsoft into such a big monopolistic firm in the world. â€Å"Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow, ie: a leader is the spearhead for that new direction. Management controls or directs people/resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established.†2 The leader always concentrated on setting the

Employees' Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employees' Benefits - Essay Example This study suggests â€Å"Leverage the power of the leading stock plan administration technology Our Full Service Plan Administration solution is delivered through our proprietary web technology, Shareworks† (Share Works Premier 2010 par 2).The employer can establish new plans like incentive plans, savings and investment plans. Employees are the most important assets of an organization, who are the pillars which support the organization and without an organization cannot operate its business therefore, Use of web-based technology will help the Microsoft to re-establish stock purchase plan in a better way which will be helpful for the organization to sustain and motivate its employees, web technology will also help the organization to improve its administration and will allow the employees to stay updated about current and upcoming incentive plans (Beam and McFadden, 2001). Introduction of new plans will motivate the employees to work efficiently and these new plans will cover the loss of employee stock purchase plan to employees and will provide more investments option to employees, so introduction of new plans will allow employees to reduce the investment risk by diversifying the portfolio through investing in other investment and savings plans. Investment and saving plans generally provide a sense of ownership in the firm, these plans will definitely boost up employees motivation and their loyalty towards their organization, Microsoft then be able to retain its efficient and productive workers. Microsoft should also increase its existing plans such as increasing the discount percentage on employee stock purchase plan; it will improve the current working conditions of employees and will help the organization to provide employees with improved working environment, researches have shown that improving existing incentive plans will increase the motivational level of employees and it increases organization’s performance as well. The company should al so devise new incentive plans and rewards, new incentive plans to the efficient workers will be helpful for the organizations to get best out of their employees in return; whereas organization should introduce new awards and should make sure that those employees who are doing well and meeting their targets should be appraised and rewarded in front of everyone, it makes sure that management cares about them and notices their every effort made for the well-being of the organization. New incentive plans will provide a new opportunity to employees for self-improvement and for enhancing their living style (Martocchio, 2010). Use of web technology will also allow the organization to provide detailed information about plans to the employees that will increase clarity and transparency; it will help the employees to understand offered plans in a better way. Clarity and transparency reflects the mirror image of an organization, so basically it eliminates or minimizes doubts regarding the imag e of the organization, it will help employees to stay clear about plans and will definitely increase employees’ strive towards achieving those incentives and rewards that will eventually increase organizational productivity and performance (Medina, 2006). Web technology will also help the organization to manage the reward system in an efficient way, so that deserving employees won’t get de-motivated and will be rewarded timely. Use of web technology will decrease the administrative cost of the organization, will allow the organization to better utilize its capital on incentive plans offered to employees. Employees work for some compensation and they always need a pay back for their efforts not only in terms of basic salary but in shape of extra benefits as well. Extra

The Problems And Issues Of White Collar Crime Criminology Essay

The Problems And Issues Of White Collar Crime Criminology Essay When one ponders on the notion of white-collar and corporate crimes, usually images of massive company takeovers via blackmail and scheming lawyers, for example, spring to mind. Normally, one does not think how this form of crime can in any way relate to street crime in terms of public disturbance. However, white-collar crime can have direct and indirect consequences towards a single person, part of a society and can even span internationally. White-collar crime kept relatively low profile however, and thus it is difficult to pinpoint unhappiness it can cause as surveys focus more on the statistics of regular crime. It is certain that white-collar crime will cause direct and indirect victimization but recognition is needed in identifying its offences; for instance, corruption has a more scattered effect on the population whereas other white-collar offences can have a direct consequence on certain employees. Most offences are gradual and take time to be noticed, environmental crime for example. They lack the instant effect that a burglary or a murder can cause, particularly when it comes to the publics attention. Instead, they affect institutions or commerce where most of the on goings is kept clear from public knowledge. Where there is no direct contact to the victim with no known motive or cause, there is less interest to be generated. Some offences are vague to whom exactly they harm and to whom they benefit. Friedrichs (1996) gives an example that there may be a public advantage in cost savings that results from governmental corruption where companies sell at a lower price to competitors. Eve n counterfeit goods can be seen as beneficial as consumers have a chance to afford designer products which in turn, creates jobs in the counterfeit companys workforce. Of course, the counter argument to this is that the sub-quality goods can be harmful to the public and that employment in genuine companies is in jeopardy (Croall, 1998). And so, much of white-collar victimization is not quite what one may expect as it does not have a direct impact on an individual. Some victims of this form of crime are accused of actually inviting the harm. There are several examples of these willing victims: investors risking their money rather than placing it in say, the safety of a pension scheme. Or perhaps, consumers who willingly buy the counterfeit products that are offered in the market. Or those who willingly choose to work in environmentally unsafe areas in promise of a higher wage. If an accident does occur, it is often the careless workers fault not the company that employs them. Even if a womans breast enhancement surgery goes wrong, she might be blamed simply because she chose to have a surgery for vain, selfish reasons either than medical. These cases rarely provoke sympathy from the court Nevertheless, there is a certain image or myth concerning victimization from white-collar crime. Regulatory law is set up in such a way that Croall (1992) states that consumers, workers and the public be protected from harm which they cannot combat. The consumer is unable to judge how genuine the product is, or if they are buying medicine, how harmful the side effects are. Thus if several people are killed in a workplace, the deaths are put down as something that could not be avoided rather than a companys neglect. In this stereotypical light, the law regarding white-collar crime can be rather skewed and misguided. An organization can be criticized by its misuse of the environment but anything concerning the well-being of the workers it employs is ignored. If a company bus crashes, the deaths of the innocent passengers within will draw the sympathy and not the driver who probably will be blamed for the incident for his or her carelessness. Victimization relating to white-collar crimes completely strays from the term conventional victimology which describes victimization on individual, conventional cases. Instead, it belongs to critical victimology which basically defines victims we cannot see (Walklate 1999). White-collar offences are, practically, invisible Despite all that, white-collar offences are quite capable of causing direct harm to a person and his finally. Trust is automatically lost and there is a sense of betrayal when financial fraud occurs and Levi (1999) states: Fraud lead to broken dreamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦frauds can destroy happiness permanently, just as readily as any other crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Because victims know they have supplied funds or goods voluntarily and because the loss of their financial cushion makes meaningless all their lifelong savings and sacrifices. There is also a sense of betrayed trust when death is involved amongst employees due to a companys negligence. The grief felt is even heavier when the victims body takes some time to be recovered or one who has survived a horrible accident suffers from survivors guilt (Wells 1995). White-collar crime though often seen as indirect, can also cause physical damage to its victims and threaten the safety within ones family home. For instance, counterfeit goods and mass-produced food can be harmful or even tap water which is not properly monitored and/or cleansed. Even ones workplace could not be viewed as safe, say if a worker has strong allergic reactions to the pollen surrounding the area. White-collar victimization is not limited to humans; even the wildlife is threatened from pollution caused by large industries. Corporate crime can even lead to the loss of a quality life within a community. A large industry can easily squash any fine balance within the community, whether it is environmental or economical. Examples of these are waste disposal, noise pollution, drainage in resources and a rise in taxes. Large corporations suddenly settling down in a quite community often and do threaten any local small businesses which used to reside previously. Economic offences caused by white-collar crime are often felt by institutions rather than a single persons misfortune. An institution can suffer from money theft and corruption but sometimes, in order not to lose a grip in the market, the institution will either lower salaries or raise prices to counter this. Even in the name of competition amongst themselves, companies will break rules and spy on each other or go as far as to sabotage each others projects. White-collar crime also spans nationally and even globally. One might think that offences against a form of government might not deal with any victimization, but nonetheless it can indirectly affect individuals, such as increasing tax and decreasing public resources. In this case, it is hard to form any bonds of trust in organizations such as the police force if the latter is set deep into corruption. Globally, currency frauds particularly when it involves the Euro can lead to great losses and/or any frauds concerning public waste disposal and food will inevitably damage public health and safety. Either way, white-collar crime even if it seems impersonal can affect the individual. It is often asked, which individual is affected by white-collar crime and whether social status, gender or age comes into play. It is however, difficult to specify as white-collar crime is vague at best to begin with and crime surveys do not exactly touch that particularly subject as a result. Still, victimization does target several vulnerable groups more than others. There is a difference in victimization where gender is involved, as several feminist criminologists will argue. For instance, any fraud and accidents caused by pharmacy products usually affects the female population. Even in the workforce, women seem more vulnerable simply because they lack the technical expertise and thus render them more open to fraud scams. Even larger cases are schemes involving companies and falsely researched contraceptives which led to birth defects, infection and abortions/miscarriages. This did not stop the companies from distributing their dangerous products to needy, lower-classed countries. Even women seeking to enhance their looks with beauty products can be harmed. And those having breast surgery are not exempt either. In addiction, a wide array of side effects can follow dietary pills; there are 35 recorded deaths in the United States from these pills during the 1970s and 1980s. Products which are not genuine can often contain dangerous ingredients suc h as certain acids which are not labeled down. Corporate crime certainly expands to victimization of women in the workforce, for example Pearce and Tombs (1998) note that 20 million women work in conditions there are toxic risks a rather disturbing figure indeed. Furthermore, many women suffer from sexual harassment during work hours, particularly from their superiors, but are often forced not to seek legal help due to blackmail and fear of losing their jobs. There are many cases where men use their trustful profession of, say, a doctor in order to sexually harass their female patients. Even if white-collar crime does not harm a woman physically, it can still harm her economically. Expensive label products boasting miracle results are released daily, boxed in even more expensive, fancy packaging. These sort of products aim towards the disillusioned housewife who wishes to beautify herself and again the marketing behind the product takes advantage of the assumption that a woman lacks the knowledge in financial matters. Of course, this also boils down to false advertisement; the miracle results that the product claims to achieve are very misleading. More so, the products container is double walled thus containing far less than they should. Illusions of a products results are not just based on make up; salesmen, builders and investors often take advantage of the situation by catching a customer unawares. Despite the fact that victimization seems to be based on gender, women are not the only ones who are targeted by white-collar offences. Men are also in great risk; they can suffer from neglect concerning the rules at highly dangerous workplaces such as an oil rig or a mining tunnel. Still, women are more susceptible to product scams it seems, forever seeking ways to beautify themselves as society dictates them to. Corporate offences do not stop at gender, they continue to differences of age as well; the young and the old who in reality, need to depend upon others. The old are often victims when there is a serious neglect in food rules and regulations and often contract illnesses as a result. And like women, they also avidly spend a fortune on anti-age products which falsely advertise. Both children and the elderly can suffer physical and sexual abuse and usually they cannot complain; the elderly confused with their old age and the children too young to understand the meaning of morals. Most of the times, the old suffer when they are placed in an old peoples home- there, they are frequently neglected, fed unhealthy foods and given the wrong medicine which can be proved fatal. Children fall victim to unsafe toys and students can fall victim to their landlords where they are forced to inhabit an abode which fails all of its safety regulations due to their limited finances. Most famous of all are the pension schemes and home security. The elderly often fear of burglary and this can be taken advantage of selling them alarm systems that are counterfeit. White-collar crime often gives out the misconception that the poorer classes are robbed so that the rich can benefit, however its definition and the cases regarding it are much more complex than that (Van Swaaningen, 1997). Sometimes it is the rich that are targeted, lured into risky investments or those miracle beauty products simply because they believe that they have the money to spend it all. After all, how can a woman of the lower classes be able to afford breast surgery? Then of course, one might argue that that particular woman will probably be forced to buy a counterfeit product just because she could not afford the genuine article. Furthermore, evidence leads to state that the impact of larger scale corporate offences are more scattered; a train accident due to poor engineering and the deaths that follow regardless of social status, age or gender. And yet, one can not ignore how age and gender is significant to victimization. These conflicting discussions are coined by Levi (1995) as a complex moral arena. To further complicate things, it is general knowledge that well-to-do organizations will have an effect on struggling small businesses such as, buying them out or stealing their customers. Or, small businesses will target their poorer customers. Another fact is that it is the poorer consumer that feels the need to buy the cheapest product available and accidents in the workforce are usually workers who are confined to menial labour. Even on a global scale, it is usually a third world country that receives the waste dumping. To put it bluntly, it is the lower classes who feel the effect of corporate crime as they cannot compensate any resources stolen or wasted unlike their richer counterparts. They cannot seek legal advice as confidently as those who are more knowledgeable in matters regarding the market and thus, usually avoid any financial scam in the form of bad investments or dubious pension schemes. In short, those desperate few who lack the necessary information will most likel y be targeted. Unfortunately, white-collar victimization is not even listed in the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board and any other organizations that deal with victim support. There has not been any organized movement in support of this particular victimization (there was a movements in the United States that seemed promising but over exaggerated). This is due to the fact that white-collar crime is not viewed as dramatic and important as normal street-crime victimization; the victims often do not report their grievances, most of their misfortune is viewed as trivial and often blamed upon themselves. Unlike, for instance, victims of abuse, they do not form conferences and unanimously protest. In any event, the only movements that are formed are often associated with the environment or food. There is hope however. A victim does have the right to pursue legal action such as a law suit but sadly, the only time that a group is formed is usually after a large-scale calamity. Still, an organized group has a better chance of actually having something done rather than an individual struggling on his own. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the vast majority of white-collar and corporate crime is certainly not victimless. It is merely neglected as such offences are often not reported and thus it is unable to be proven clearly on a crime survey. It is not seen as something dramatic, unlike a vicious murder and is put in the backburner in favour of conventional criminology. People do suffer from white-collar crime, indirectly and directly and it does affect the standard of living whether it is based on local conditions or expanded over the world.

Shakespeares As You Like It - Importance of the Secondary Characters

As You Like It:   The Importance of the Secondary Characters  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As You Like It, by William Shakespeare, is a radiant blend of fantasy, romance, wit and humor. In this delightful romp, Rosalind stands out as the most robust, multidimensional and lovable character, so much so that she tends to overshadow the other characters in an audience's memory, making them seem, by comparison, just "stock dramatic types". Yet, As You Like It is not a stock romance that just happens to have Shakespeare's greatest female role. The other members of the cast provide a well-balanced supporting role, and are not just stereotypes. Characters whom Shakespeare uses to illustrate his main theme of the variations of love are all more than one-use cardboards, as they must be fully drawn to relate to life. Those characters most easily accused of having a stock one-dimensionality are those inessential to the theme but important to the plot and useful as convenient foils, such as Duke Frederick and Oliver de Boys. The assertion of the question deserves this quote: "You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no doubt, either in the critical or play-going mind, that Rosalind is the "grandest of female roles" (Hazlitt). She encompasses a multitude of character brushstrokes, from the love struck maiden to the witty arch tongue to the steel-backboned princess to the fiery Wise One (Hazlitt). To add to the demands of the character Shakespeare adds in an exterior sex change and further makes Ganymede pretend to be Rosalind to Orlando. Though this kind of "boy acting a girl acting a boy acting a girl" kind of transmogrifications were not uncommon upon the Elizabethan stage, the kind of mind and acting portrayed ... ...bits of character that are definitely not stock, as in Charles' original concern for Orlando and Sir Martext's refusal to be made a fool of by Touchstone. These make them more than stock, but they are still as cardboard when compared to Rosalind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As You Like It contains as many characters as there are in life, but Rosalind is used as the vehicle for the Ideal. Her main supporting characters are full of life, and though not as much as Rosalind, it is still life for all of it. The less important characters have to be more one-sided to keep the plot uncluttered, but sometimes the one-dimensionality jars, as with Oliver. Rosalind's vibrancy would overshadow any other character, for to produce an Othello opposite her would create a conflict that this greatest of comedies does not need. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. Bevington